Dog owners adore the affectionate face licks their pets give, often seeing them as a symbol of love and bonding. However, new research suggests that this sweet gesture may carry hidden health risks. A recent study by Pennsylvania State University, published in Zoonoses and Public Health, found that even healthy dogs can harbor antibiotic-resistant Salmonella in their saliva. These bacteria can cause gastrointestinal illness in humans and are harder to treat due to drug resistance. The findings highlight the importance of good hygiene practices, such as washing hands after pet contact and avoiding face licking, to protect families from potential infection. Understanding these risks helps pet owners enjoy affection safely while maintaining both human and animal health.
Hidden risks in dog saliva
While face licking feels like a bonding ritual, dog saliva can contain harmful microorganisms. According to the study published in Zoonoses and Public Health, many seemingly healthy dogs carry antibiotic-resistant strains of Salmonella. This bacterium can trigger gastrointestinal symptoms in humans, including diarrhea, fever, and stomach cramps.Between 2017 and 2023, researchers studied 87 dogs and identified 82 strains of Salmonella capable of causing human illness. Alarmingly, 39% of the dogs carried the shdA gene, which helps the bacteria survive in their intestines without making the dog sick — meaning owners may have no idea their pet is a carrier.
How dog-to-human bacteria transmission really happens
Salmonella transmission can occur in multiple ways, but direct contact with dog saliva is one of the most significant risks. Dogs frequently groom themselves, transferring bacteria from their fur or feces to their mouths. When they lick a human’s face — particularly around the mouth, eyes, or open cuts — they provide a direct entry point for these bacteria.Lead researcher Dr. Erika Ganda emphasised that this finding is not meant to discourage pet ownership but to inform people. “Our goal is not to stop people from loving their pets but to raise awareness and encourage good hygiene to keep everyone safe,” she explained.
Why drug-resistant Salmonella makes pet-related infections riskier
Antibiotic resistance is considered a global health crisis, and pets can unintentionally play a role in spreading resistant bacteria. Because the Salmonella strains found in the study were resistant to commonly used antibiotics, treating infections could become more challenging and potentially lead to more severe illness.Co-author Dr. Nkuchia M’ikanatha added that these findings reinforce the importance of simple hygiene habits. “Even the healthiest dogs can carry Salmonella. Washing hands after contact with pets is a small but powerful step toward prevention,” he said.
Best hygiene practices for dog owners to follow
The good news? Pet owners can significantly lower the risk of infection with a few practical habits. Here are the top recommended hygiene practices:
Safe ways to bond with your dog without face licks
This study doesn’t suggest you stop showing love to your dog — it encourages responsible affection. Dogs are loyal companions and a source of emotional comfort, but owners must stay mindful of the health risks associated with direct saliva contact.By adopting better hygiene practices, families can enjoy a safe and loving bond with their pets while reducing the risk of exposure to harmful bacteria.Letting your dog lick your face may seem harmless, but being informed about the risks empowers you to make better choices. With a few simple precautions, you can protect your household and still enjoy the unconditional love of your furry best friend.
