Flat-faced dogs—also known as brachycephalic dogs—are extremely popular for their cute, short snouts and flat faces. In fact, they’re among the most popular breeds in the U.S.
However, because of their unique anatomical features, breathing can be difficult for flat-faced dogs—and even more so when the weather heats up. To avoid overheating and related health risks, brachy parents need to take special care of their dogs in the summer heat.
Key Takeaways
Flat-faced dogs are prone to breathing difficulties and other health problems that can worsen in hot weather. Exercise for brachycephalic dogs must be limited to cooler times of the day, such as early morning or late evening. Watch for signs of overheating and heatstroke in your dog, such as heavy panting, excessive drooling, vomiting, or diarrhea.
What Is a Brachycephalic Breed?
The word brachycephalic literally means “shortened head.” Brachy breeds such as Frenchies, Pugs, Bulldogs, and Shih Tzu all have shortened snouts that give them their characteristic flat face.
This feature may be cute, but it also comes with unique anatomical challenges that can make breathing—and life in general—more difficult for flat-faced breeds.
To access medical illustration, click here.
Brachy breeds have numerous abnormalities working against their ability to breathe efficiently, including:
In short, “there’s too much stuff in too small of a space,” says Boaz Man, DVM, owner and medical director at Boca Midtowne Animal Hospital in Palm Beach County, Florida.
These anatomical features are each a factor of brachycephalic airway syndrome, a condition that makes breathing hard for many flat-faced dogs. And when a brachy dog gets hot, this condition can be especially dangerous.
“Dogs cool off by panting,” says Michael Kearley, DVM. “If they can’t breathe appropriately, they’re going to have a harder time [maintaining their temperature].”
Caring for Flat-Faced Dogs During Summer
Dogs with brachycephalic airway syndrome have a high risk for overheating since their natural cooling mechanism is limited. So, it’s essential that pet parents take extra steps to help their flat-faced dog stay cool in the summer.
1. Exercise Early or in the Evening
One way to help your brachy breathe more easily is to keep them at a healthy weight, says Dr. Kearley. This requires good nutrition management and adequate exercise. But in the summer, brachycephalic dogs tend to tire quickly and overheat when temperatures rise.
To avoid this issue and still keep your dog active, adjust your routine so exercise and play occur during the cooler parts of the day. For example, take walks in the early morning or late in the evening before bed.
2. Take Shorter Walks
“You don’t want your brachycephalic pet to be overexerted,” Dr. Kearley says, so opt for a few very short walks rather than long periods of outdoor exercise.
When you do go on summer walks, take precautions to protect your dog. Look for walking routes with plenty of shade, protect their paws with dog booties or paw balm, and always bring water.
3. Keep Them Hydrated
Keeping your dog hydrated is an essential step in regulating their body temperature. When you go on walks, bring a travel dog bowl with you and always have some extra water on hand.
“If you notice they’re starting to pant more, offer them water,” Dr. Man says. “Encourage them to drink as much as possible.”
4. Keep Your Dog Inside
One of the best things you can do for your brachy dog in the summer is to give them a cool space to rest, so keep them indoors during the hottest times of day.
Do your best to avoid going outside with your brachy in the late afternoon when temperatures tend to be hottest. Always monitor pups when they’re outside, as temperatures can quickly become too hot for your dog.
5. Use a Cooling Vest
You can help keep your dog’s body temperature down using cool water, applied either with a damp towel or a cooling vest. Dr. Man recommends wearable cooling vests, but you can also use a towel or washcloth and drape it over your dog’s back or belly.
If you’re using a damp towel, there’s no need to use cold water. “Room temperature is enough to help cool and get some of that heat off of them,” Dr. Kearley says.
Heat-Related Warning Signs
Keep a watchful eye on your brachy dog during the summer months, especially when you’re outside.
Certain physical symptoms can indicate that your dog is heading toward heatstroke, which can be a life-threatening situation. Be on the lookout for:
Act fast if you notice these symptoms in your brachy dog on a hot day. Get your dog into a cool place, give them water to drink, and call your vet for next steps. Recognizing—and acting on—the symptoms early can be lifesaving.
